United States Sports Academy - "America's Sports University"

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to measure multiple addictive behaviors
in college athletes using the Multiple Addictive Behaviors Questionnaire
(MABQ). The MABQ was developed to measure patterns of addictive behaviors
and to ascertain gender differences as well as to construct an instrument
designed to measure multiple addictive behaviors. The authors assessed
five addictive behaviors: gambling, substance abuse, disordered eating,
addictive exercise and alcohol abuse. Two levels, problematic and diagnostic
were measured as well as gender differences for each variable. The data
revealed a high percentage of athletes meeting the problematic level with
fewer meeting diagnostic criteria for one or more addictive behaviors.

ACNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to thank all of my Taekwondo family for supporting this
research. Special thanks to Master S. T.K and Master Instructor M. W for
all their teaching and implementations of reinforcing values and rules
essential for a peaceful world and creating sound minds in sound bodies.

Abstract

The Botswana flag has never been raised nor has its national anthem been
heard at the medal ceremonies of any major international sports competition.
The aim of this paper is to critically analyze problems of sports development
in developing countries, taking Botswana, Africa as an example. This paper
is based on material collected from a number of documents on sport in
developing countries, newspapers and material from the Internet. E-mail
correspondence was exchanged with a number of officials employed by the
key providers of sports development in Botswana. An interview was conducted
with a Botswana international athlete who was resident in the United Kingdom.
The results of the research showed that Botswana has made great strides
in the administration and organization of sport since independence, but
the economic advances that have been made are being threatened by the
HIV/AIDS pandemic that has become the most devastating emergency in the
nation’s history.

Abstract

In order to help sport physicians and athletic trainers understand the
legal principles that may be applicable to injury treatment, the writers
examined the areas of liability that physicians and trainers may face
in their delivery of care. Major topics which were covered by this article
included: (1) informed consent and participation risks, (2) physician-patient
relationship, (3) immunity issues, and (4) risk management. In conclusion,
seven protective strategies were recommended for sport physicians and
athletic trainers to insure acceptable service standards. They were: (a)
maintaining a good physician-client relationship with athletes; (b) obtaining
informed consent and insist on a written contract; (c) educating the athletes,
parents and coaches concerning issues of drug abuse, assumption of risks,
confidentiality; (d) performing physical examinations carefully, and be
cautious on issuing medical clearance; (e) formulating a risk management
plan and properly document hazards and records; (f) participating in continuing
education and recognize your qualifications; and (g) maintaining insurance
coverage.

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the variation in heart
rate, oxygen consumption and blood lactic acid for taekwondo athletes during
training and competition. Ten taekwondo athletes from a Division I university
volunteered for the research. The average age of the subjects was 19.5±0.5
.4 yr, the height was 174.6±2.8 cm, the weight was 63.6±1.4 kg, the black
belt rank was 2.5±0.5, and the average training period was 6.4±1.0 years.
The competition was of university class. During the experiment, each subject
rode the bicycle ergometer until complete exhaustion at a speed of 60 RPM
and power of 120W that increased by 30W every two minutes. The investigation
focused mainly on the variations during the rest period and the three recovery
periods after exercise (5th, 30th and 60th minute). Wireless heart recorder
(POLAR), Vmax29 gas analyzer, YSI2300 lactic acid analyzer and DAIICHI analyzer
were used to analyze heart rate, oxygen consumption, blood lactic acid and
urobilinogen. According to the statistical analysis on one-way ANOVA with
Repeated Measures and a Scheffe Post Hoc test, the results showed that:
1.There was no difference at the cardiac respiratory functioning between
training and competition period. The players can’t recovery quickly
for sixty minutes.2. There was a significant difference at the BLA on the
competition period higher than training period (7.0±1.3 vs. 6.3±1.2 mmol/l,
p<.05). 3.There was no difference at the URO between training and competition
period in the post-exercise 60 minute and rest.4. There was a difference
on the output power at training period higher than competition period (232.7±14.5
vs. 226.5±14.7 watt, p< .05). To recover the rest state more time and
improve intensive training in the blood lactic acid system and power output.
It’s a benefit and helpful for the players and coaches to investigate
the reference during the contest and sport science training.

ABSTRACT

This manuscript reviews the growing use of manufacturing plant tours,
company museums, and company visitor centers by sport-related marketers
(equipment manufacturers, venues, etc) to cultivate relationships with
existing and potential consumers. Consumer Experience Tourism provides
the user (i.e., the consumer) with an experience regarding a product,
its operation, production process, history, and historical significance.
Such brand bonding may contribute to higher levels of involvement with
a product/brand and brand loyalty. Ultimately, the bond between consumers
and brands may be strengthened by the availability of such consumer experiences.
Such tourism opportunities provided by sport-related firms are profiled.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate "motivation in patients
with coronary heart disease, who participated in different rehabilitation
programs and those who did not participate." Fifty-one (n=51) male patients
suffering from coronary heart disease participated in the present study.
Fifteen participated in a rehabilitation program in a gym; eighteen participated
in a swimming program and eighteen consisted of the control group. The
mean age of the participants was 60.83 (SD=±3.3). Participants completed
the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). According to the results, patients who
participated in the gym program had statistically higher levels in IM
to knowledge, to stimulation, to accomplishment and EM to interjected
regulation. On the contrary, the control group had statistically higher
levels in EM to external regulation and motivation.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to develop a paper and pencil
instrument that measures two types of character: moral versus social;
(2) to determine if college athletes, particularly team sport athletes
support social character over moral character as a result of the way character
may be defined and fostered by many coaches, parents, and general society.
To test our hypothesis that athletes support the practice of social character
over moral character we developed a paper and pencil instrument called
the RSBH Value Judgment Inventory. Participants in the study were N=595
college students from a variety of colleges/universities (National Collegiate
Athletic Association Division I, II, III and National Association for
Intercollegiate Athletics). More specifically, there were n=293 team sport
athletes, n= 76 individual sport athletes and n=225 non athletes (and
1 subject that did not indicate their status). College athletes were compared
to college non athletes in order to understand the effects of sport participation
on moral and social character.

ABSTRACT

This research was made to assess the relationship between advertisements
on marketing sports products on Turkish television channels and sports
images on the basis of products, and to get information on the tendencies
of onlookers of sports products through strengthening onlookers’
sports images and remembering them later by analyzing advertisements.
This research was made to determine how often sports images are used in
the advertisement sector and the impact of sports in advertisements.

Introduction

Recent
studies by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) show the number of overweight children has more than
doubled in the last three decades, 5.3 million, or 12.5 percent,
of Americans between 6 and 17 are overweight or obese. The
CDC estimates sick care costs associated with obesity such
as diabetes and heart disease at $100 billion a year, about
8 percent of the national health care budget.