United States Sports Academy - "America's Sports University"

ABSTRACT

With
the dramatic economic changes taking place in China there
is a move to promote sports and the sports industry through
individual and corporate support. Curriculum must be established
on the university level to accommodate these needs. The purpose
of this research was to investigate the interest in a sport
event fundraising program by undergraduate and graduate students
at Beijing University of Physical Education (BUPE), Beijing,
China. Results indicate an interest in initiating fundraising
events at the respective institutions. Students require education
on potential careers in sports marketing and fundraising in
order to enhance their potential success in the field.

Introduction

As
pointed out by Soonhwan Lee (2001) in a recent issue of The
Sports Journal, there exists a great deal of debate about
the validity of economic impact studies on sporting events.
Economists widely believe that league and event-sponsored
studies exaggerate the economic impact of professional franchises
and large sporting events on local communities. These overstatements
are a result of several factors. First, the studies often
ignore the substitution effect. To the extent that attendees
at a sporting event spend their money on that event instead
of on other activities in the local economy, the sporting
event simply results in a reallocation of expenditures in
the economy rather than a real net increase in economic activity.
Next, studies usually ignore the crowding out effect. Many
large sporting events are staged in communities that are already
popular tourist destinations. If hotels and restaurants in
the host city normally tend to be at or near capacity throughout
the time period during which the competition takes place,
the contest may simply supplant rather than supplement the
regular tourist economy. Third, the studies may fail to address
whether the money spent at a sporting event stays in the local
economy. Much of the money spent by out-of-town visitors goes
towards hotel rooms, rental cars, and restaurants. To the
extent that these firms are national chains, profits earned
during the event at these businesses do not increase the welfare
of citizens in the local economy but rather accrue to stockholders
around the country. Similarly, revenue from ticket sales is
often paid to the league or the sports ruling body instead
of local organizers. Fourth, non-economic costs such as Atraffic
congestion, vandalism, environmental degradation, disruption
of residents' lifestyle, and so on are rarely reported. (Lee,
2001) Finally, since economic impact studies are often used
by sports boosters to justify public expenditures on sports
infrastructure, ultimately, the real question faced by any
observer is whether an analysis conducted by agents with a
vested interest in the outcome of the study can ever be considered
an objective examination of the true economic impact of an
event.

It
is right and proper that cultural programs are a required
part of the Olympic Games. History has, to a certain extent,
driven the integration of cultural programs into the Olympic
Games. And, just as we highlight, in both the Olympic and
Paralympic Winter Games, the accomplishments of athletes,
so too is it noble and right that we celebrate the achievements
of artists in Cultural Olympiads.

ABSTRACT

The
general problem of this study was to determine the effect,
if any, music may have on heart rate, lap pace, and perceived
exertion rate (RPE) between trained and untrained subjects
during a 20-minute self-paced run.

Abstract

Incidence
of anabolic steroid use among college athletes is about 1%,
with another 12% considered at-risk in that they would use
such drugs under the right circumstances. This study aimed
to determine if volunteer drug testing, without fear of penalty,
would result in positive identification of drug use, or if
the testing alone is a deterrent. A group of 197 college athletes,
all of who denied drug use, voluntarily and anonymously supplied
urine samples. Average T/E ratio was 1.33 ± 0.86, with
two cases (1.1%) above the accepted ratio. We conclude that
T/E ratio testing is effective in detecting use of performance-enhancing
drugs and that testing itself, although an effective deterrent
to drug use, may not eliminate drug use among college athletes.

Introduction

The
demands for rebounding, jumping, shooting, and playing defense
require a decent level of strength and power. In order to
claim that a basketball player is in great condition, the
players should have the endurance to run tirelessly on the
court and possess the strength to engage in the physical battles
underneath the basket. There is no doubt that strength training
plays an important part in building up the power for the specific
demands on the court (Fulton, 1992). College basketball has
emphasized strength training to a great degree because it
increases overall strength, power, lean body mass, and flexibility
(Fulton, 1992). The objective of implementing strength training
to improve vertical jumping ability and thereby enhance overall
sport-performance appears well founded (Renfro, 1996). This
explains why college coaches prefer their players to stay
involved in strength training even under the restrictive practice
schedule of the NCAA.