United States Sports Academy - "America's Sports University"

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to measure multiple addictive behaviors in college athletes using the Multiple Addictive Behaviors Questionnaire (MABQ). The MABQ was developed to measure patterns of addictive behaviors and to ascertain gender differences as well as to construct an instrument designed to measure multiple addictive behaviors. The authors assessed five addictive behaviors: gambling, substance abuse, disordered eating, addictive exercise and alcohol abuse. Two levels, problematic and diagnostic were measured as well as gender differences for each variable. The data revealed a high percentage of athletes meeting the problematic level with fewer meeting diagnostic criteria for one or more addictive behaviors.

ACNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to thank all of my Taekwondo family for supporting this research. Special thanks to Master S. T.K and Master Instructor M. W for all their teaching and implementations of reinforcing values and rules essential for a peaceful world and creating sound minds in sound bodies.

Abstract

The Botswana flag has never been raised nor has its national anthem been heard at the medal ceremonies of any major international sports competition. The aim of this paper is to critically analyze problems of sports development in developing countries, taking Botswana, Africa as an example. This paper is based on material collected from a number of documents on sport in developing countries, newspapers and material from the Internet. E-mail correspondence was exchanged with a number of officials employed by the key providers of sports development in Botswana. An interview was conducted with a Botswana international athlete who was resident in the United Kingdom. The results of the research showed that Botswana has made great strides in the administration and organization of sport since independence, but the economic advances that have been made are being threatened by the HIV/AIDS pandemic that has become the most devastating emergency in the nation’s history.

Abstract

In order to help sport physicians and athletic trainers understand the legal principles that may be applicable to injury treatment, the writers examined the areas of liability that physicians and trainers may face in their delivery of care. Major topics which were covered by this article included: (1) informed consent and participation risks, (2) physician-patient relationship, (3) immunity issues, and (4) risk management. In conclusion, seven protective strategies were recommended for sport physicians and athletic trainers to insure acceptable service standards. They were: (a) maintaining a good physician-client relationship with athletes; (b) obtaining informed consent and insist on a written contract; (c) educating the athletes, parents and coaches concerning issues of drug abuse, assumption of risks, confidentiality; (d) performing physical examinations carefully, and be cautious on issuing medical clearance; (e) formulating a risk management plan and properly document hazards and records; (f) participating in continuing education and recognize your qualifications; and (g) maintaining insurance coverage.

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the variation in heart rate, oxygen consumption and blood lactic acid for taekwondo athletes during training and competition. Ten taekwondo athletes from a Division I university volunteered for the research. The average age of the subjects was 19.5±0.5 .4 yr, the height was 174.6±2.8 cm, the weight was 63.6±1.4 kg, the black belt rank was 2.5±0.5, and the average training period was 6.4±1.0 years. The competition was of university class. During the experiment, each subject rode the bicycle ergometer until complete exhaustion at a speed of 60 RPM and power of 120W that increased by 30W every two minutes. The investigation focused mainly on the variations during the rest period and the three recovery periods after exercise (5th, 30th and 60th minute). Wireless heart recorder (POLAR), Vmax29 gas analyzer, YSI2300 lactic acid analyzer and DAIICHI analyzer were used to analyze heart rate, oxygen consumption, blood lactic acid and urobilinogen. According to the statistical analysis on one-way ANOVA with Repeated Measures and a Scheffe Post Hoc test, the results showed that: 1.There was no difference at the cardiac respiratory functioning between training and competition period. The players can’t recovery quickly for sixty minutes.2. There was a significant difference at the BLA on the competition period higher than training period (7.0±1.3 vs. 6.3±1.2 mmol/l, p<.05). 3.There was no difference at the URO between training and competition period in the post-exercise 60 minute and rest.4. There was a difference on the output power at training period higher than competition period (232.7±14.5 vs. 226.5±14.7 watt, p< .05). To recover the rest state more time and improve intensive training in the blood lactic acid system and power output. It’s a benefit and helpful for the players and coaches to investigate the reference during the contest and sport science training.

ABSTRACT

This manuscript reviews the growing use of manufacturing plant tours, company museums, and company visitor centers by sport-related marketers (equipment manufacturers, venues, etc) to cultivate relationships with existing and potential consumers. Consumer Experience Tourism provides the user (i.e., the consumer) with an experience regarding a product, its operation, production process, history, and historical significance. Such brand bonding may contribute to higher levels of involvement with a product/brand and brand loyalty. Ultimately, the bond between consumers and brands may be strengthened by the availability of such consumer experiences. Such tourism opportunities provided by sport-related firms are profiled.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate "motivation in patients with coronary heart disease, who participated in different rehabilitation programs and those who did not participate." Fifty-one (n=51) male patients suffering from coronary heart disease participated in the present study. Fifteen participated in a rehabilitation program in a gym; eighteen participated in a swimming program and eighteen consisted of the control group. The mean age of the participants was 60.83 (SD=±3.3). Participants completed the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). According to the results, patients who participated in the gym program had statistically higher levels in IM to knowledge, to stimulation, to accomplishment and EM to interjected regulation. On the contrary, the control group had statistically higher levels in EM to external regulation and motivation.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to develop a paper and pencil instrument that measures two types of character: moral versus social; (2) to determine if college athletes, particularly team sport athletes support social character over moral character as a result of the way character may be defined and fostered by many coaches, parents, and general society. To test our hypothesis that athletes support the practice of social character over moral character we developed a paper and pencil instrument called the RSBH Value Judgment Inventory. Participants in the study were N=595 college students from a variety of colleges/universities (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, III and National Association for Intercollegiate Athletics). More specifically, there were n=293 team sport athletes, n= 76 individual sport athletes and n=225 non athletes (and 1 subject that did not indicate their status). College athletes were compared to college non athletes in order to understand the effects of sport participation on moral and social character.

ABSTRACT

This research was made to assess the relationship between advertisements on marketing sports products on Turkish television channels and sports images on the basis of products, and to get information on the tendencies of onlookers of sports products through strengthening onlookers’ sports images and remembering them later by analyzing advertisements. This research was made to determine how often sports images are used in the advertisement sector and the impact of sports in advertisements.